Version 0.3.2

CHANGELOG

@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ iodine - IP over DNS is now easy
 
 CHANGES:
 
+2006-09-11: 0.3.2
+	- Support for NetBSD
+	- Fixed potential security problems
+	- Name parsing routines rewritten, added regression tests
+	- New encoding, 25% more peak upstream throughput
+	- New -l option to set local ip to listen to on server
+
 2006-07-11: 0.3.1 
 	- Add Mac OSX support
 	- Add setting device name

Makefile

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 CC = gcc
 CLIENT = iodine
-CLIENTOBJS = iodine.o tun.o dns.o read.o
+CLIENTOBJS = iodine.o tun.o dns.o read.o encoding.o
 SERVER = iodined
-SERVEROBJS = iodined.o tun.o dns.o read.o
+SERVEROBJS = iodined.o tun.o dns.o read.o encoding.o
+TESTSUITE = tester
+TESTOBJS = test.o dns.o read.o encoding.o
 
 OS = `uname | tr "a-z" "A-Z"`
 
 LDFLAGS =  -lz
 CFLAGS = -c -g -Wall -D$(OS)
 
-all: stateos $(CLIENT) $(SERVER)
+all: stateos $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) $(TESTSUITE) 
+
+test:	$(TESTSUITE)
+	@./$(TESTSUITE)
 
 stateos:
 	@echo OS is $(OS)
@@ -22,11 +27,17 @@ $(SERVER): $(SERVEROBJS)
 	@echo LD $@
 	@$(CC) $(SERVEROBJS) -o $(SERVER) $(LDFLAGS)
 
+$(TESTSUITE): $(TESTOBJS)
+	@echo LD $@
+	@$(CC) $(TESTOBJS) -o $(TESTSUITE) $(LDFLAGS)
+	@echo Running tests... 
+	@./$(TESTSUITE)
+
 .c.o: 
 	@echo CC $<
 	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	@echo "Cleaning..."
-	@rm -f $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) *~ *.o *.core
+	@rm -f $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) $(TESTSUITE) *~ *.o *.core
 

README

@@ -10,6 +10,20 @@ server. This can be usable in different situations where internet access is
 firewalled, but DNS queries are allowed.
 
 
+QUICKSTART:
+
+Try it out within your own LAN! Follow these simple steps:
+- On your server, run: ./iodined -f 10.0.0.1 test.asdf
+  (If you already use the 10.0.0.0 network, use another internal net like 
+  172.16.0.0)
+- On the client, run: ./iodine -f 192.168.0.1 test.asdf
+  (Replace 192.168.0.1 with the server's ip address)
+- Now the client has the tunnel ip 10.0.0.2 and the server has 10.0.0.1
+- Try pinging each other through the tunnel
+- Done! :)
+To actually use it through a relaying nameserver, see below.
+
+
 HOW TO USE:
 
 Server side:
@@ -61,10 +75,11 @@ possible to allow maximum throughput.
 
 PORTABILITY:
 
-iodine has been tested on Linux (x86 and SPARC64), FreeBSD (x86), OpenBSD (x86)
+iodine has been tested on Linux (x86 and SPARC64), FreeBSD (x86), OpenBSD (x86),
-and MacOS X (10.3, ppc, with http://www-user.rhrk.uni-kl.de/~nissler/tuntap/).
+NetBSD (x86) and MacOS X (10.3, ppc, with 
-It should work on other unix-like systems as well that has TUN/TAP tunneling
+http://www-user.rhrk.uni-kl.de/~nissler/tuntap/). It should work on other 
-support. Let us know if you get it to run on other platforms. 
+unix-like systems as well that has TUN/TAP tunneling support. Let us know if you 
+get it to run on other platforms. 
 
 
 THE NAME:
@@ -73,6 +88,11 @@ The name iodine was chosen since it starts with IOD (IP Over DNS) and since
 iodine has atomic number 53, which happens to be the DNS port number.
 
 
+THANKS:
+
+- To kuxien for FreeBSD and OS X testing
+
+
 AUTHORS & LICENSE:
 
 Copyright (c) 2006 Bjorn Andersson <flex@kryo.se>, Erik Ekman <yarrick@kryo.se>

TODO

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+iodine - IP over DNS is now easy
+
+   http://code.kryo.se/iodine
+
+********************************
+
+STUFF TO DO:
+
+- Handle multiple concurrent users on one server
+
+- Some kind of authentication?
+
+- Detect if EDNS0 can be used, probe MTU size
+
+- Port to more platforms (Solaris? Windows?)
+
+- More/better documentation (as always)
+

dns.c

@@ -32,17 +32,20 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
-#include "read.h"
 #include "structs.h"
 #include "dns.h"
+#include "encoding.h"
+#include "read.h"
 
 // For FreeBSD
 #ifndef MIN
 #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
 #endif
 
+
 static int host2dns(const char *, char *, int);
 static int dns_write(int, int, char *, int, char);
+static void dns_query(int, int, char *, int);
 
 struct sockaddr_in peer;
 char topdomain[256];
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ uint16_t pingid;
 
 
 int 
-open_dns(const char *domain, int localport) 
+open_dns(const char *domain, int localport, in_addr_t listen_ip) 
 {
 	int fd;
 	int flag;
@@ -67,9 +70,10 @@ open_dns(const char *domain, int localport)
 	bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr));
 	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
 	addr.sin_port = htons(localport);
-	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+	/* listen_ip already in network byte order from inet_addr, or 0 */
+	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = listen_ip; 
 
-	fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+	fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
 	if(fd < 0) {
 		warn("socket");
 		return -1;
@@ -87,10 +91,11 @@ open_dns(const char *domain, int localport)
 	}
 
 	// Save top domain used
-	strncpy(topdomain, domain, sizeof(topdomain) - 2);
+	strncpy(topdomain, domain, sizeof(topdomain) - 1);
-	topdomain[sizeof(topdomain) - 1] = 0;
+	topdomain[sizeof(topdomain) - 1] = '\0';
 
 	printf("Opened UDP socket\n");
+
 	return fd;
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +181,7 @@ dns_handshake(int dns_fd)
 	dns_write(dns_fd, ++pingid, data, 2, 'H');
 }
 
-void 
+static void 
 dns_query(int fd, int id, char *host, int type)
 {
 	char *p;
@@ -204,16 +209,16 @@ dns_query(int fd, int id, char *host, int type)
 	p = buf + sizeof(HEADER);
 	p += host2dns(host, p, strlen(host));	
 
-	PUTSHORT(type, p);
+	putshort(&p, type);
-	PUTSHORT(C_IN, p);
+	putshort(&p, C_IN);
 
 	// EDNS0
-	*p++ = 0x00; //Root
+	putbyte(&p, 0x00); //Root
-	PUTSHORT(0x0029, p); // OPT
+	putshort(&p, 0x0029); // OPT
-	PUTSHORT(0x1000, p); // Payload size: 4096
+	putshort(&p, 0x1000); // Payload size: 4096
-	PUTSHORT(0x0000, p); // Higher bits/ edns version
+	putshort(&p, 0x0000); // Higher bits/edns version
-	PUTSHORT(0x8000, p); // Z
+	putshort(&p, 0x8000); // Z
-	PUTSHORT(0x0000, p); // Data length
+	putshort(&p, 0x0000); // Data length
 
 	peerlen = sizeof(peer);
 
@@ -221,72 +226,67 @@ dns_query(int fd, int id, char *host, int type)
 	sendto(fd, buf, len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, peerlen);
 }
 
-static void
-put_hex(char *p, char h)
-{
-	int t;
-	static const char to_hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-
-	t = (h & 0xF0) >> 4;
-	p[0] = to_hex[t];
-	t = h & 0x0F;
-	p[1] = to_hex[t];
-}
-
 static int
 dns_write(int fd, int id, char *buf, int len, char flag)
 {
 	int avail;
-	int i;
+	int written;
-	int final;
+	int encoded;
 	char data[257];
 	char *d;
 
-#define CHUNK 31
-// 31 bytes expands to 62 chars in domain
-// We just use hex as encoding right now
-
 	avail = 0xFF - strlen(topdomain) - 2;
-
-	avail /= 2; // use two chars per byte in encoding
-	avail -= (avail/CHUNK); // make space for parts
-
-	avail = MIN(avail, len); // do not use more bytes than is available;
-	final = (avail == len);	// is this the last block?
 	bzero(data, sizeof(data));
 	d = data;
-
+	written = encode_data(buf, len, avail, d, flag);
-	if (flag != 0) {
+	encoded = strlen(data);
-		*d = flag;
+	d += encoded;
-	} else {
-		// First byte is 0 for middle packet and 1 for last packet
-		*d = '0' + final;
-	}
-	d++;
-
-	if (len > 0) {
-		for (i = 0; i < avail; i++) {
-			if (i > 0 && i % 31 == 0) {
-				*d = '.';
-				d++;
-			}
-			put_hex(d, buf[i]);
-			d += 2;
-		}
-	}
 	if (*d != '.') {
 		*d++ = '.';
 	}
 	strncpy(d, topdomain, strlen(topdomain)+1);
 	
 	dns_query(fd, id, data, T_NULL);
-	return avail;
+	return written;
 }
 
 int
 dns_read(int fd, char *buf, int buflen)
 {
 	int r;
+	socklen_t addrlen;
+	char packet[64*1024];
+	struct sockaddr_in from;
+	HEADER *header;
+
+	addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
+	r = recvfrom(fd, packet, sizeof(packet), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from, &addrlen);
+	if(r == -1) {
+		perror("recvfrom");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	header = (HEADER*)packet;
+	if (dns_sending() && chunkid == ntohs(header->id)) {
+		/* Got ACK on sent packet */
+		packetpos += lastlen;
+		if (packetpos == packetlen) {
+			/* Packet completed */
+			packetpos = 0;
+			packetlen = 0;
+			lastlen = 0;
+		} else {
+			/* More to send */
+			dns_send_chunk(fd);
+		}
+	}
+	return dns_parse_reply(buf, buflen, packet, r);
+}
+
+int
+dns_parse_reply(char *outbuf, int buflen, char *packet, int packetlen)
+{
+	int rv;
 	long ttl;
 	short rlen;
 	short type;
@@ -297,63 +297,39 @@ dns_read(int fd, char *buf, int buflen)
 	char name[255];
 	char rdata[4*1024];
 	HEADER *header;
-	socklen_t addrlen;
-	char packet[64*1024];
-	struct sockaddr_in from;
 
-	addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
+	rv = 0;
-	r = recvfrom(fd, packet, sizeof(packet), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from, &addrlen);
+	header = (HEADER*)packet;
+	
+	data = packet + sizeof(HEADER);
 
-	if(r == -1) {
+	if(header->qr) { /* qr=1 => response */
-		perror("recvfrom");
+		qdcount = ntohs(header->qdcount);
-	} else {
+		ancount = ntohs(header->ancount);
-		header = (HEADER*)packet;
-		
-		data = packet + sizeof(HEADER);
 
-		if(header->qr) { /* qr=1 => response */
+		rlen = 0;
-			qdcount = ntohs(header->qdcount);
-			ancount = ntohs(header->ancount);
 
-			rlen = 0;
+		if(qdcount == 1) {
+			readname(packet, &data, name, sizeof(name));
+			readshort(packet, &data, &type);
+			readshort(packet, &data, &class);
+		}
+		if(ancount == 1) {
+			readname(packet, &data, name, sizeof(name));
+			readshort(packet, &data, &type);
+			readshort(packet, &data, &class);
+			readlong(packet, &data, &ttl);
+			readshort(packet, &data, &rlen);
+			readdata(packet, &data, rdata, rlen);
+		}
 
-			if(qdcount == 1) {
+		if(type == T_NULL && rlen > 2) {
-				READNAME(packet, name, data);
+			rv = MIN(rlen, sizeof(rdata));
-				READSHORT(type, data);
+			memcpy(outbuf, rdata, rv);
-				READSHORT(class, data);
-			}
-			if(ancount == 1) {
-				READNAME(packet, name, data);
-				READSHORT(type, data);
-				READSHORT(class, data);
-				READLONG(ttl, data);
-				READSHORT(rlen, data);
-				READDATA(rdata, data, rlen);
-			}
-			if (dns_sending() && chunkid == ntohs(header->id)) {
-				// Got ACK on sent packet
-				packetpos += lastlen;
-				if (packetpos == packetlen) {
-					// Packet completed
-					packetpos = 0;
-					packetlen = 0;
-					lastlen = 0;
-				} else {
-					// More to send
-					dns_send_chunk(fd);
-				}
-			}
-
-			if(type == T_NULL && rlen > 2) {
-				memcpy(buf, rdata, rlen);
-				return rlen;
-			} else {
-				return 0;
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return rv;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -412,19 +388,18 @@ dnsd_send(int fd, struct query *q, char *data, int datalen)
 	
 	name = 0xc000 | ((p - buf) & 0x3fff);
 	p += host2dns(q->name, p, strlen(q->name));
-	PUTSHORT(q->type, p);
+	putshort(&p, q->type);
-	PUTSHORT(C_IN, p);
+	putshort(&p, C_IN);
-	
+
-	PUTSHORT(name, p);
+	putshort(&p, name);	
-	PUTSHORT(q->type, p);
+	putshort(&p, q->type);
-	PUTSHORT(C_IN, p);
+	putshort(&p, C_IN);
-	PUTLONG(0, p);
+	putlong(&p, 0);
 
 	q->id = 0;
 
-	PUTSHORT(datalen, p);
+	putshort(&p, datalen);
-	memcpy(p, data, datalen);
+	putdata(&p, data, datalen);
-	p += datalen;
 
 	len = p - buf;
 	sendto(fd, buf, len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&q->from, q->fromlen);
@@ -433,32 +408,12 @@ dnsd_send(int fd, struct query *q, char *data, int datalen)
 static int
 decodepacket(const char *name, char *buf, int buflen)
 {
-	int r;
 	int len;
-	char *dp;
 	char *domain;
-	const char *np;
 
-	len = 1;
 	domain = strstr(name, topdomain);
 
-	buf[0] = name[0];
+	len = decode_data(buf, buflen, name, domain);
-
-	dp = buf + 1;
-	np = name + 1;
-
-	while(len < buflen && np < domain) {
-		if(*np == '.') {
-			np++;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		sscanf(np, "%02X", &r);
-		*dp++ = (char)r;
-		np+=2;	
-		len++;
-	} 
-
 	if (len == buflen)
 		return -1; 
 	return len;
@@ -468,12 +423,13 @@ int
 dnsd_read(int fd, struct query *q, char *buf, int buflen)
 {
 	int r;
+	int rv;
 	short id;
 	short type;
 	short class;
 	short qdcount;
 	char *data;
-	char name[255];
+	char name[257];
 	HEADER *header;
 	socklen_t addrlen;
 	char packet[64*1024];
@@ -493,23 +449,24 @@ dnsd_read(int fd, struct query *q, char *buf, int buflen)
 			qdcount = ntohs(header->qdcount);
 
 			if(qdcount == 1) {
-				bzero(name, sizeof(name));
+				readname(packet, &data, name, sizeof(name) -1);
-				READNAME(packet, name, data);
+				name[256] = 0;
-				READSHORT(type, data);
+				readshort(packet, &data, &type);
-				READSHORT(class, data);
+				readshort(packet, &data, &class);
 
-				strncpy(q->name, name, 256);
+				strncpy(q->name, name, 257);
 				q->type = type;
 				q->id = id;
 				q->fromlen = addrlen;
 				memcpy((struct sockaddr*)&q->from, (struct sockaddr*)&from, addrlen);
 
-				return decodepacket(name, buf, buflen);
+				rv = decodepacket(name, buf, buflen);
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		perror("recvfrom");
+		rv = 0;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return rv;
 }

dns.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _DNS_H_
 #define _DNS_H_
 
-int open_dns(const char *, int);
+int open_dns(const char *, int, in_addr_t);
 int dns_settarget(const char*);
 void close_dns(int);
 
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ int dns_sending();
 void dns_handle_tun(int, char *, int);
 void dns_ping(int);
 void dns_handshake(int);
-void dns_query(int, int, char *, int);
 int dns_read(int, char *, int);
 
 extern struct sockaddr_in peer;
@@ -38,5 +37,7 @@ int dnsd_hasack();
 void dnsd_forceack(int);
 void dnsd_queuepacket(const char *, const int);
 
+int dns_parse_reply(char *, int, char *, int);
+
 
 #endif /* _DNS_H_ */

encoding.c

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Bjorn Andersson <flex@kryo.se>, Erik Ekman <yarrick@kryo.se>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+// For FreeBSD
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
+#endif
+
+#define SPACING 63
+#define ENC_CHUNK 8
+#define RAW_CHUNK 5
+
+static const char base32[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ98765-";
+static const char padder[] = " 1234";
+static char reverse32[128];
+static int reverse_init = 0;
+
+/* Eat 5 bytes from src, write 8 bytes to dest */
+static void
+encode_chunk(char *dest, char *src)
+{
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	*dest++ = base32[(*src & 0xF8) >> 3];	// 1111 1000 first byte
+
+	c = (*src++ & 0x07) << 2;		// 0000 0111 first byte
+	c |=  ((*src & 0xC0) >> 6);		// 1100 0000 second byte
+	*dest++ = base32[(int) c];
+
+	*dest++ = base32[(*src & 0x3E) >> 1];	// 0011 1110 second byte
+
+	c = (*src++ & 0x01) << 4;		// 0000 0001 second byte
+	c |=  ((*src & 0xF0) >> 4);		// 1111 0000 third byte
+	*dest++ = base32[(int) c];
+	
+	c = (*src++ & 0x0F) << 1;		// 0000 1111 third byte
+	c |=  ((*src & 0x80) >> 7);		// 1000 0000 fourth byte
+	*dest++ = base32[(int) c];
+	
+	*dest++ = base32[(*src & 0x7C) >> 2];	// 0111 1100 fourth byte
+
+	c = (*src++ & 0x03) << 3;		// 0000 0011 fourth byte
+	c |=  ((*src & 0xE0) >> 5);		// 1110 0000 fifth byte
+	*dest++ = base32[(int) c];
+
+	*dest++ = base32[*src++ & 0x1F];	// 0001 1111 fifth byte
+}
+
+/* Eat 8 bytes from src, write 5 bytes to dest */
+static void
+decode_chunk(char *dest, char *src)
+{
+	unsigned char c;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!reverse_init) {
+		for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+			c = base32[i];
+			reverse32[(int) c] = i;
+		}
+		reverse_init = 1;
+	}
+
+	c = reverse32[(int) *src++] << 3;		// Take bits 11111 from byte 1
+	c |= (reverse32[(int) *src] & 0x1C) >> 2;	// Take bits 11100 from byte 2
+	*dest++ = c;
+	
+	c = (reverse32[(int) *src++] & 0x3) << 6;	// Take bits 00011 from byte 2
+	c |= reverse32[(int) *src++] << 1;		// Take bits 11111 from byte 3
+	c |= (reverse32[(int) *src] & 0x10) >> 4;	// Take bits 10000 from byte 4
+	*dest++ = c;
+	
+	c = (reverse32[(int) *src++] & 0xF) << 4;	// Take bits 01111 from byte 4
+	c |= (reverse32[(int) *src] & 0x1E) >> 1;	// Take bits 11110 from byte 5
+	*dest++ = c;
+	
+	c = reverse32[(int) *src++] << 7;		// Take bits 00001 from byte 5
+	c |= reverse32[(int) *src++] << 2;		// Take bits 11111 from byte 6
+	c |= (reverse32[(int) *src] & 0x18) >> 3;	// Take bits 11000 from byte 7
+	*dest++ = c;
+	
+	c = (reverse32[(int) *src++] & 0x7) << 5;	// Take bits 00111 from byte 7
+	c |= reverse32[(int) *src++];			// Take bits 11111 from byte 8
+	*dest++ = c;
+}
+
+int
+encode_data(char *buf, int len, int space, char *dest, char flag)
+{
+	int final;
+	int write;
+	int realwrite;
+	int chunks;
+	int leftovers;
+	int i;
+	char encoded[255];
+	char padding[5];
+	char *pp;
+	char *dp;
+	char *ep;
+
+	space -= space / SPACING;
+	chunks = (space - 1) / ENC_CHUNK;
+	while ((chunks + 1) * ENC_CHUNK + 1 > space) {
+		chunks--;
+	}
+	write = RAW_CHUNK * chunks;
+	write = MIN(write, len); // do not use more bytes than is available;
+	final = (write == len);	// is this the last block?
+	chunks = write / RAW_CHUNK;
+	leftovers = write % RAW_CHUNK;
+
+	if (flag != 0) {
+		*dest = flag;
+	} else {
+		// First byte is 0 for middle packet and 1 for last packet
+		*dest = '0' + final;
+	}
+	dest++;
+
+	bzero(encoded, sizeof(encoded));
+	ep = encoded;
+	dp = buf;
+	for (i = 0; i < chunks; i++) {
+		encode_chunk(ep, dp);
+		ep += ENC_CHUNK;
+		dp += RAW_CHUNK;
+	}
+	realwrite = ENC_CHUNK * chunks;
+	bzero(padding, sizeof(padding));
+	pp = padding;
+	if (leftovers) {
+		pp += RAW_CHUNK - leftovers;
+		memcpy(pp, dp, leftovers);
+
+		pp = padding;
+		*ep++ = padder[leftovers];
+		encode_chunk(ep, pp);
+		
+		realwrite += ENC_CHUNK + 1;	// plus padding character
+	}
+	ep = encoded;
+	if (len > 0) {
+		for (i = 1; i <= realwrite; i++) {
+			if (i % SPACING == 0) {
+				*dest++ = '.';
+			}
+			*dest++ = *ep++;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return write;
+}
+
+int
+decode_data(char *dest, int size, const char *src, char *srcend)
+{
+	int len;
+	int i;
+	int chunks;
+	int padded;
+	char encoded[255];
+	char padding[5];
+	char *pp;
+	char *ep;
+
+	// Copy flag
+	len = 1;
+	*dest = *src;
+	dest++;
+	src++;
+
+	bzero(encoded, sizeof(encoded));
+	ep = encoded;
+	while(len < size && src < srcend) {
+		if(*src == '.') {
+			src++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		*ep++ = *src++;
+	}
+	chunks = strlen(encoded) / 8;
+	padded = strlen(encoded) % 8;
+
+	ep = encoded;
+	for (i = 0; i < chunks-1; i++) {
+		decode_chunk(dest, ep);
+		dest += RAW_CHUNK;
+		ep += ENC_CHUNK;
+		len += RAW_CHUNK;
+	}
+	// Read last chunk:
+	if (padded) {
+		pp = padding;
+		padded = *ep++ - '0';
+		decode_chunk(pp, ep);
+		pp += RAW_CHUNK - padded;
+		memcpy(dest, pp, padded);
+		len += padded;
+	} else {
+		decode_chunk(dest, ep);
+		len += RAW_CHUNK;
+	}
+
+	return len;
+}
+

encoding.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Bjorn Andersson <flex@kryo.se>, Erik Ekman <yarrick@kryo.se>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ENCODING_H_
+#define _ENCODING_H_
+
+int encode_data(char *, int, int, char *, char);
+int decode_data(char *, int, const char *, char *);
+
+#endif /* _ENCODING_H_ */

iodine.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -39,9 +40,6 @@
 	
 int running = 1;
 
-int tun_fd;
-int dns_fd;
-
 static void
 sighandler(int sig) {
 	running = 0;
@@ -50,13 +48,16 @@ sighandler(int sig) {
 static int
 tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 {
-	int i;
-	int read;
-	fd_set fds;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	char in[64*1024];
-	long outlen;
 	char out[64*1024];
+	char in[64*1024];
+	struct timeval tv;
+	long outlen;
+	fd_set fds;
+	int read;
+	int i;
+	int rv;
+
+	rv = 0;
 
 	while (running) {
 		tv.tv_sec = 1;
@@ -68,17 +69,17 @@ tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 		FD_SET(dns_fd, &fds);
 
 		i = select(MAX(tun_fd, dns_fd) + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
-		
+
-		if(i < 0) {
+		if (!running) {
-			if (running) {
+			rv = 1;
-				warn("select");
+			break;
-			}
-			return 1;
 		}
 		
-		if(i == 0) {
+		if(i < 0) {
-			dns_ping(dns_fd);
+			warn("select");
-		} else {
+			rv = 1;
+			break;
+		} else if (i > 0) {
 			if(FD_ISSET(tun_fd, &fds)) {
 				read = read_tun(tun_fd, in, sizeof(in));
 				if(read <= 0)
@@ -100,24 +101,26 @@ tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 				if (!dns_sending()) 
 					dns_ping(dns_fd);
 			} 
-		}
+		} else
+			dns_ping(dns_fd);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return rv;
 }
 
 static int
 handshake(int dns_fd)
 {
+	struct timeval tv;
+	char server[128];
+	char client[128];
+	char in[4096];
+	int timeout;
+	fd_set fds;
+	int read;
+	int mtu;
 	int i;
 	int r;
-	char *p;
-	int mtu;
-	int read;
-	fd_set fds;
-	int timeout;
-	char in[4096];
-	struct timeval tv;
 
 	timeout = 1;
 	
@@ -141,12 +144,9 @@ handshake(int dns_fd)
 			}
 
 			if (read > 0) {
-				p = strchr(in, '-');
+				if (sscanf(in, "%[^-]-%[^-]-%d", 
-				if (p) {
+					server, client, &mtu) == 3) {
-					*p++ = '\0';
+					if (tun_setip(client) == 0 && tun_setmtu(mtu) == 0)
-					mtu = atoi(p);
-
-					if (tun_setip(in) == 0 && tun_setmtu(atoi(p)) == 0)
 						return 0;
 					else 
 						warn("Received handshake but b0rk");
@@ -160,17 +160,19 @@ handshake(int dns_fd)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-extern char *__progname;
-
 static void
 usage() {
-	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device]"
+	extern char *__progname;
+
+	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] "
 			"nameserver topdomain\n", __progname);
 	exit(2);
 }
 
 static void
 help() {
+	extern char *__progname;
+
 	printf("iodine IP over DNS tunneling client\n");
 	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] "
 			"nameserver topdomain\n", __progname);
@@ -188,24 +190,26 @@ help() {
 static void
 version() {
 	printf("iodine IP over DNS tunneling client\n");
-	printf("version: 0.3.1 from 2006-07-11\n");
+	printf("version: 0.3.2 from 2006-09-11\n");
 	exit(0);
 }
 
 int
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	int choice;
-	char *newroot;
-	char *username;
-	char *device;
-	int foreground;
 	struct passwd *pw;
+	char *username;
+	int foreground;
+	char *newroot;
+	char *device;
+	int choice;
+	int tun_fd;
+	int dns_fd;
 
-	newroot = NULL;
 	username = NULL;
-	device = NULL;
 	foreground = 0;
+	newroot = NULL;
+	device = NULL;
 	
 	while ((choice = getopt(argc, argv, "vfhu:t:d:")) != -1) {
 		switch(choice) {
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if ((tun_fd = open_tun(device)) == -1)
 		goto cleanup1;
-	if ((dns_fd = open_dns(argv[1], 0)) == -1)
+	if ((dns_fd = open_dns(argv[1], 0, INADDR_ANY)) == -1)
 		goto cleanup2;
 	if (dns_settarget(argv[0]) == -1)
 		goto cleanup2;

iodined.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -57,17 +58,18 @@ sigint(int sig) {
 static int
 tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct in_addr clientip;
+	struct in_addr myip;
+	struct timeval tv;
+	char out[64*1024];
+	char in[64*1024];
+	char *tmp[2];
+	long outlen;
+	fd_set fds;
 	int read;
 	int code;
-	int ipadder;
+	int i;
-	struct in_addr nextip;
+
-	fd_set fds;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	char in[64*1024];
-	long outlen;
-	char out[64*1024];
-	
 	while (running) {
 		if (q.id != 0) {
 			tv.tv_sec = 0;
@@ -113,17 +115,20 @@ tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 			   		continue;
 
 				if(in[0] == 'H' || in[0] == 'h') {
-					ipadder = htonl(my_ip); // To get the last byte last
+					myip.s_addr = my_ip;	
-					if ((ipadder & 0xFF) == 0xFF) {
+					clientip.s_addr = my_ip + inet_addr("0.0.0.1");
-						// IP ends with 255.
+
-						ipadder--;
+					tmp[0] = strdup(inet_ntoa(myip));
-					} else {
+					tmp[1] = strdup(inet_ntoa(clientip));
-						ipadder++;
+					
-					}
+					read = snprintf(out, sizeof(out), "%s-%s-%d", 
-					nextip.s_addr = ntohl(ipadder);
+							tmp[0], tmp[1], my_mtu);
-					read = snprintf(out, sizeof(out), "%s-%d", inet_ntoa(nextip), my_mtu);
+
 					dnsd_send(dns_fd, &q, out, read);
 					q.id = 0;
+
+					free(tmp[1]);
+					free(tmp[0]);
 				} else if((in[0] >= '0' && in[0] <= '9')
 						|| (in[0] >= 'a' && in[0] <= 'f')
 						|| (in[0] >= 'A' && in[0] <= 'F')) {
@@ -159,19 +164,21 @@ tunnel(int tun_fd, int dns_fd)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-extern char *__progname;
-
 static void
 usage() {
-	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] [-m mtu] "
+	extern char *__progname;
+
+	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] [-m mtu] [-l ip address to listen on] "
 			"tunnel_ip topdomain\n", __progname);
 	exit(2);
 }
 
 static void
 help() {
+	extern char *__progname;
+
 	printf("iodine IP over DNS tunneling server\n");
-	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] [-m mtu] "
+	printf("Usage: %s [-v] [-h] [-f] [-u user] [-t chrootdir] [-d device] [-m mtu] [-l ip address to listen on] "
 		   "tunnel_ip topdomain\n", __progname);
 	printf("  -v to print version info and exit\n");
 	printf("  -h to print this help and exit\n");
@@ -180,6 +187,7 @@ help() {
 	printf("  -t dir to chroot to directory dir\n");
 	printf("  -d device to set tunnel device name\n");
 	printf("  -m mtu to set tunnel device mtu\n");
+	printf("  -l ip address to listen on for incoming dns traffic (default 0.0.0.0)\n");
 	printf("tunnel_ip is the IP number of the local tunnel interface.\n");
 	printf("topdomain is the FQDN that is delegated to this server.\n");
 	exit(0);
@@ -188,7 +196,7 @@ help() {
 static void
 version() {
 	printf("iodine IP over DNS tunneling server\n");
-	printf("version: 0.3.1 from 2006-07-11\n");
+	printf("version: 0.3.2 from 2006-09-11\n");
 	exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -204,19 +212,21 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int foreground;
 	int mtu;
 	struct passwd *pw;
+	in_addr_t listen_ip;
 
 	username = NULL;
 	newroot = NULL;
 	device = NULL;
 	foreground = 0;
 	mtu = 1024;
+	listen_ip = INADDR_ANY;
 
 	packetbuf.len = 0;
 	packetbuf.offset = 0;
 	outpacket.len = 0;
 	q.id = 0;
 	
-	while ((choice = getopt(argc, argv, "vfhu:t:d:m:")) != -1) {
+	while ((choice = getopt(argc, argv, "vfhu:t:d:m:l:")) != -1) {
 		switch(choice) {
 		case 'v':
 			version();
@@ -239,6 +249,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		case 'm':
 			mtu = atoi(optarg);
 			break;
+		case 'l':
+			listen_ip = inet_addr(optarg);
+			break;
 		default:
 			usage();
 			break;
@@ -269,11 +282,16 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		usage();
 	}
 
+	if (listen_ip == INADDR_NONE) {
+		printf("Bad IP address to listen on.\n");
+		usage();
+	}
+
 	if ((tun_fd = open_tun(device)) == -1)
 		goto cleanup0;
 	if (tun_setip(argv[0]) != 0 || tun_setmtu(mtu) != 0)
 		goto cleanup1;
-	if ((dnsd_fd = open_dns(argv[1], 53)) == -1) 
+	if ((dnsd_fd = open_dns(argv[1], 53, listen_ip)) == -1) 
 		goto cleanup2;
 
 	my_ip = inet_addr(argv[0]);

read.c

@@ -16,39 +16,149 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-int
+static int
-readname(char *packet, char *dst, char *src)
+readname_loop(char *packet, char **src, char *dst, size_t length, size_t loop)
 {
-	char l;
+	char *dummy;
+	char *s;
+	char *d;
 	int len;
-	int offset;
+	char c;
+
+	if (loop <= 0)
+		return 0;
 
 	len = 0;
+	s = *src;
+	d = dst;
+	while(*s && len < length - 2) {
+		c = *s++;
 
-	while(*src) {
+		/* is this a compressed label? */
-		l = *src++;
+		if((c & 0xc0) == 0xc0) {
-		len++;
+			dummy = packet + (((s[-1] & 0x3f) << 8) | s[0]);
-
+			len += readname_loop(packet, &dummy, d, length - len, loop - 1);
-		if(l & 0x80 && l & 0x40) {
+			goto end;
-			offset = ((src[-1] & 0x3f) << 8) | src[0];		
-			readname(packet, dst, packet + offset);
-			dst += strlen(dst);
-			break;
 		}
 
-		while(l) {
+		while(c && len < length - 1) {
-			*dst++ = *src++;
+			*d++ = *s++;
-			l--;
+			len++;
+
+			c--;
+		}
+		
+		if (len >= length - 1) {
+			break; /* We used up all space */
+		}
+
+		if (*s != 0) {
+			*d++ = '.';
 			len++;
 		}
-
-		*dst++ = '.';
 	}
+	dst[len++] = '\0';
 
-	*dst = '\0';
+end:
-	src++;
+	(*src) = s+1;
-	len++;
+	return len;
+}
+
+int
+readname(char *packet, char **src, char *dst, size_t length)
+{
+	return readname_loop(packet, src, dst, length, 10);
+}
+
+int
+readshort(char *packet, char **src, short *dst)
+{
+	unsigned char *p;
+
+	p = *src;
+	*dst = (p[0] << 8) | p[1];
+
+	(*src) += sizeof(short);
+	return sizeof(short);
+}
+
+int
+readlong(char *packet, char **src, long *dst)
+{
+	unsigned char *p;
+
+	p = *src;
+
+	*dst = ((long)p[0] << 24) 
+		 | ((long)p[1] << 16) 
+		 | ((long)p[2] << 8)
+		 | ((long)p[3]);
+
+	(*src) += sizeof(long);
+	return sizeof(long);
+}
+
+int
+readdata(char *packet, char **src, char *dst, size_t len)
+{
+	if (len < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	memcpy(dst, *src, len);
+
+	(*src) += len;
 
 	return len;
 }
 
+int
+putbyte(char **dst, char value)
+{
+	**dst = value;
+	(*dst)++;
+
+	return sizeof(char);
+}
+
+int
+putshort(char **dst, short value)
+{
+	unsigned char *p;
+
+	p = *dst;
+
+	*p++ = (value >> 8);
+	*p++ = value;
+
+	(*dst) = p;
+	return sizeof(short);
+}
+
+int
+putlong(char **dst, long value)
+{
+	unsigned char *p;
+
+	p = *dst;
+
+	*p++ = (value >> 24);
+	*p++ = (value >> 16);
+	*p++ = (value >> 8);
+	*p++ = (value);
+
+	(*dst) = p;
+	return sizeof(long);
+}
+
+int
+putdata(char **dst, char *data, size_t len)
+{
+	if (len < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	memcpy(*dst, data, len);
+	
+	(*dst) += len;
+	return len;
+}
+

read.h

@@ -17,19 +17,14 @@
 #ifndef _READ_H_
 #define _READ_H_
 
-int readname(char *, char *, char *);
+int readname(char *, char **, char *, size_t);
+int readshort(char *, char **, short *);
+int readlong(char *, char **, long *);
+int readdata(char *, char **, char *, size_t);
 
-#define READNAME(packet, dst, src) (src) += readname((packet), (dst), (src));
+int putbyte(char **, char);
-
+int putshort(char **, short);
-#define READSHORT(dst, src) \
+int putlong(char **, long);
-	memcpy(&dst, src, 2); \
+int putdata(char **, char *, size_t);
-        (dst) = ntohs(dst); (src)+=2;
-
-#define READLONG(dst, src) \
-	memcpy(&dst, src, 2); \
-	(dst) = ntohl(dst); (src)+=4; 
-
-#define READDATA(dst, src, len) \
-	memcpy((dst), (src), (len)); (src)+=(len);
 
 #endif

structs.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct packet
 };
 
 struct query {
-	char name[256];
+	char name[258];
 	short type;
 	short id;
 	struct sockaddr from;

test.c

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Bjorn Andersson <flex@kryo.se>, Erik Ekman <yarrick@kryo.se>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#ifdef DARWIN
+#include <arpa/nameser8_compat.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "structs.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "read.h"
+	
+static void
+test_readputshort()
+{
+	short tshort;
+	short putted;
+	short temps;
+	char buf[4];
+	short *s;
+	char* p;
+	int i;
+
+	printf(" * Testing read/putshort... ");
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+		tshort = (unsigned short) i;
+		temps = htons(tshort);
+		p = buf;
+		putshort(&p, tshort);
+		s = &putted;
+		memcpy(s, buf, sizeof(short));
+		if (putted != temps) {
+			printf("Bad value on putshort for %d\n", i);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		s = &temps;
+		memcpy(buf, s, sizeof(short));
+		p = buf;
+		readshort(NULL, &p, &temps);
+		if (temps != tshort) {
+			printf("Bad value on readshort for %d\n", i);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	printf("OK\n");
+}
+
+static void
+test_readputlong()
+{
+	char buf[4];
+	long putint;
+	long tempi;
+	long tint;
+	long *l;
+	char* p;
+	int i;
+
+	printf(" * Testing read/putlong... ");
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+		tint = 0xF << i;
+		tempi = htonl(tint);
+		p = buf;
+		putlong(&p, tint);
+		l = &putint;
+		memcpy(l, buf, sizeof(int));
+		if (putint != tempi) {
+			printf("Bad value on putlong for %d\n", i);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		l = &tempi;
+		memcpy(buf, l, sizeof(int));
+		p = buf;
+		readlong(NULL, &p, &tempi);
+		if (tempi != tint) {
+			printf("Bad value on readlong for %d\n", i);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	printf("OK\n");
+}
+
+
+static void
+test_readname()
+{
+	char emptyloop[] = {
+		'A', 'A', 0x81, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0xc0, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01 }; 
+	char infloop[] = {
+		'A', 'A', 0x81, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x01, 'A', 0xc0, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01 }; 
+	char longname[] = 
+		"AA\x81\x80\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x3FzBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzAA"
+		"\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01";
+	char onejump[] = 
+		"AA\x81\x80\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+		"\x02hh\xc0\x15\x00\x01\x00\x01\x05zBCDE\x00";
+	char buf[1024];
+	char *data;
+	int rv;
+
+	printf(" * Testing readname... ");
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+	data = emptyloop + sizeof(HEADER);
+	buf[1023] = 'A';
+	rv = readname(emptyloop, &data, buf, 1023);
+	assert(buf[1023] == 'A');
+	
+	bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+	data = infloop + sizeof(HEADER);
+	buf[4] = '\a';
+	rv = readname(infloop, &data, buf, 4);
+	assert(buf[4] == '\a');
+	
+	bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+	data = longname + sizeof(HEADER);
+	buf[256] = '\a';
+	rv = readname(longname, &data, buf, 256);
+	assert(buf[256] == '\a');
+
+	bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+	data = onejump + sizeof(HEADER);
+	rv = readname(onejump, &data, buf, 256);
+	assert(rv == 9);
+
+	printf("OK\n");
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+	printf("** iodine test suite\n");
+
+	test_readputshort();
+	test_readputlong();
+	test_readname();
+
+	printf("** All went well :)\n");
+	return 0;
+}

tun.c

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ close_tun(int tun_fd)
 int 
 write_tun(int tun_fd, char *data, int len) 
 {
-#if defined (FREEBSD) || defined (DARWIN)
+#if defined (FREEBSD) || defined (DARWIN) || defined(NETBSD)
 	data += 4;
 	len -= 4;
 #else /* !FREEBSD/DARWIN */
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ write_tun(int tun_fd, char *data, int len)
 int 
 read_tun(int tun_fd, char *buf, int len) 
 {
-#if defined (FREEBSD) || defined (DARWIN)
+#if defined (FREEBSD) || defined (DARWIN) || defined(NETBSD)
 	// FreeBSD has no header
 	return read(tun_fd, buf + 4, len - 4) + 4;
 #else /* !FREEBSD */